Civil Engineering Organisation
Though Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials, there are lot of disadvantages associated with it. Some of these disadvantages of concrete are modified by adding admixtures or modifying the concrete structure and ingredients. Still there are lot of limitations associated with concrete. Major limitations of concrete are listed below. 1. Concrete … Read more
Preloaded Bolt Bolts are tightened such that a high tension, usually above yield strength, is developed in the bolts, these are called preloaded bolts. The plates of the connection are thus clamped together and shear transfer between the plates is achieved through friction. Preload is the tension load developed in a fastener while tightening. The … Read more
Calculating Design Loads and loading bridge model is one the most sophisticated part in the design of any Bridge. Find below all important loads to be considered in the design of a Bridge. Dead Load “Gravity loading due to structural parts of bridge” Dead consist of permanent gravity forces due to structural Elements. It is … Read more
Ground Anchor A Ground Anchor, also known as Earth Anchor, is a structural member which transmits an applied tensile force to capable ground. The tensile force is resisted by shear strength of the surrounding ground. An earth anchor may comprise of following three main components Tension pile Rock bolt Deadman Nowadays, a High strength steel … Read more
Impact Factor Vehicular Live loads are multiplied with an Impact Factor to accommodate this dynamic effect in the design of bridges. The dynamic loads for moving vehicles are considered Impact in bridge engineering because of the relatively short duration. The magnitude of the impact factor depends on the bridge span, stiffness and surface roughness, and … Read more
HL-93 is a type of theoretical vehicular loading proposed by AASHTO in 1993. It is used as the design loading for highway structures in USA and other countries where AASHTO code is followed. AASHTO HL-93 vehicular live load is a combination of three different loads, HL-93 Design Truck (formerly, HS20-44 Truck) HL-93 Design Tandem (formerly, … Read more
Releasing agents are coatings applied on the formwork surface, prior to concreting, in-order to facilitate easy removal the form work or shuttering. If the appearance of the concrete surface is of significance, it is important that care is taken with the finish surface of the shuttering. Finished concrete surface will reflect all the defects on … Read more
Formwork The function of formwork (Shuttering) is to hold freshly placed and compacted concrete till it has gained sufficient strength to be self-supporting. It also serves the purpose to produce a concrete member of the required shape, size and the desired finish. 6 Major Design and Construction requirements of Formwork The formwork should be sufficiently … Read more
Precast beams with straight, fully bonded tendons are very convenient for detailing and manufacture. However, one of the advantages of prestressing, namely using the dead toad of the unit to reduce transfer tensile stresses in the concrete, is lost in such members, because this tension becomes most critical at the ends of the beams, where … Read more
Civil Engineering is the oldest and quintessential engineering profession. It encompasses a variety of sub-disciplines and jobs. Civil engineering is the oldest branch of engineering which is growing right from the stone age civilization. American Society of Civil Engineering defines Civil Engineering as the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and physical sciences … Read more