Lateral Torsional Buckling occurs in unrestrained beams. A beam is unrestrained when its compression flange is free to displace laterally and rotate. When I sections are used as beams or beam columns the compression flange is under compressive stress and…
Read more
Precast Concrete and Factory Production The corporate goal behind the use of a production method that is to establish itself in the marketplace must be: to produce a product better or cheaper or faster than the competition. So what is…
Read more
Preloaded Bolt Bolts are tightened such that a high tension, usually above yield strength, is developed in the bolts, these are called preloaded bolts. The plates of the connection are thus clamped together and shear transfer between the plates is…
Read more
Formwork The function of formwork (Shuttering) is to hold freshly placed and compacted concrete till it has gained sufficient strength to be self-supporting. It also serves the purpose to produce a concrete member of the required shape, size and the…
Read more
Precast beams with straight, fully bonded tendons are very convenient for detailing and manufacture. However, one of the advantages of prestressing, namely using the dead toad of the unit to reduce transfer tensile stresses in the concrete, is lost in…
Read more
Civil Engineering is the oldest and quintessential engineering profession. It encompasses a variety of sub-disciplines and jobs. Civil engineering is the oldest branch of engineering which is growing right from the stone age civilization. American Society of Civil Engineering defines…
Read more